Asia and Australasia

Asia Petroleum Hub,
There has been some controversy over the use of the island for a petroleum hub, but this has been resolved by the Malaysian Government.	Plans for the petroleum hub go back to 2002.	Johor is the ideal region for a petroleum facility of this kind with deep water and nearby port facilities.
The new petroleum facility will be able to distribute fuel for Malaysia's needs more efficiently.	Malaysia wants more control over its own reserves of petroleum products.

BOC LNG Plant Tasmania
BOC will supply the LNG fuel to LNG Refuellers Pty Ltd., a consortium of seven Tasmanian transport operators.	The plant will generate 30 to 40 jobs in Tasmania during construction.	The facility also has an offtake pipeline.

Bontang LNG Plant
Pertamina is the main shareholder in the Bontang LNG plant.	Chiyoda will modernise four of the plant's eight trains.	Map of Indonesia. Bontang is in Kalimantan.
The Bontang LNG Plant is one of the larges LNG plants in the world.	The Bontang LNG plant has not been fulfilling its contracts due to supplying fertiliser plants in Indonesia.	Bontang will now hopefully get back to pre-2004 production if Chevron push up gas production.

Browse LNG Project
The Browse gas fields are off the coast of Western Australia near Broome.	The Browse gas fields would be able to supply Australia's current gas needs for 40 to 50 years.	The LNG processing plant might be onshore or offshore.
There are already three customers for gas from the Browse fields.	There are three fields currently ready for production – Torosa, Brecknock and Calliance.

Burrup Park (Pluto) LNG Project
Work started on the Burrup Park LNG project in November 2007.	Foster Wheeler and Worley Parsons as the FWWP joint venture are the main contractors for the Burrup Park LNG project.	Leighton Contracts are undertaking the preparation work on the site.
The site is on the Burrup Peninsular in Western Australia.	The Burrup Park terminal will produce 4.3 million tonnes of LNG a year by 2010.

Caspian Pipeline, Kazakhstan / Russia
The Caspian Pipeline.	The map shows the route of the Caspian Pipeline.	CPC also have to operate a marine terminal.
Excavating the pipeline is a major task.	To put the oil through the pipeline, pumping stations like this one in Astrakhan had to be established.	Pipe sections to be used in the project.

Cooper Oil Exploitation Project, Queensland
The remediated liquids recovery plant at Moomba which is due for expansion in the near future.	The location of the Cooper Basin, which is an area rich in oil and gas.	The Avery Resources geo satellite survey of the Cooper Basin.
Over eight drilling projects will be undertaken in the Cooper Basin in 2007.	The Jackson-Moonie pipeline moves crude oil for processing but several other pipelines run from the area transporting natural gas to the Australian consumer.

Darwin LNG Project, Darwin Harbour
The Darwin LNG plant is being built to process gas from the Bayu-Undan gas reserve.	The project comprises two major parts – an LNG plant and a 500km pipeline.	Standing nearly 47m high, the LNG storage tank (pictured far left) will be able to store 188,000m³ of gas.
Earth works in progress at the LNG terminal.	The LNG plant is being built on a 66ha site.	The plant infrastructure includes a single LNG processing train with a normal capacity of 3.24mtpa.
The Darwin LNG plant processing train.	Darwin LNG jetty loading an LNG cargo.	The Bayu Undan production platform, which supplies Darwin with natural gas.
The Bayu Undan floating platform which supplies gas to Darwin via a 502km pipeline.

Devil Creek Development Project
A 92km pipeline will connect the Devil Creek platform to the mainland.	A schematic of the Devil Creek gas plant.	A map of the Devil Creek offshore platform and gas plant.

Dung Quat Refinery
PetroVietnam boasts extensive offshore production activity and experience.	The crude is brought to shore by pipelines.	The Dung Quat project is located in Quang Ngai province in central Vietnam.

Essar Oil Refinery, Vadinar, Gujarat
The Essar Oil refinery is now the second largest in India after the Reliance Jamnagar refinery on an adjacent site which can produce over 27mmtpa.	Gas storage tank at Essar's Vadinar refinery.	The construction of a larger 1,200MW power plant at the Essar Oil refinery is being considered, which will burn refinery residues.
The Essar Oil refinery refines crude oil to produce diesel, gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, fuel oil and bitumen to suit market requirements.

Guangdong Liquefied Natural Gas
Artist's impression of the Guangdong LNG terminal.	Articulated arms for LNG unloading. A similar arrangement will be used at the Guangdong LNG terminal.	The Rankin A platform were the natural gas will be sourced.
A new LNG vessel of the 'membrane' type to be used on the new supply route.	Map showing the Pearl River delta and the regions to be supplied by the new LNG terminal.

Guru Gobind Singh Refinery, Bhatinda, Punjab
The Bhatinda refinery will be situated in the Punjab region of India.	The Guru Gobind Singh refinery will be able to produce nine million tonnes per annum when completed.	Progress since 2001 has been slow but finance is now in place and construction should be completed by 2011.
A pipeline is being constructed from Mundra to Bhatinda to carry crude oil to the Bhatinda refinery.	The port of Mundra will have an oil terminal for unloading crude oil via a SPM buoy.

Inchon LNG Terminal
A view of the Inchon LNG terminal.	Map of South Korea (Inchon is marked by a cross).	Placing concrete on the bottom slab of the LNG storage tanks at Inchon.
The Inchon LNG storage tanks are due to be finished in the third quarter of 2002.

InterOil Napa Napa Refinery,
InterOil's Napa Napa refinery has been configured to process Kulubu crude, a light sweet crude found in PNG.	Following large new upstream discoveries, such as the Moose Prospect and the Sterling Mustang Prospect, it makes economic sense to have a dedicated refinery nearby.	Port Moresby harbour is deeper than either Brisbane or Sydney.
Cable trays at the refinery.	Gantry on one of the flues.	The control room and console.
The refinery jetty has been designed to accept vessels of all sizes up to 110,000dwt.	Sterling Mustang 1 structure and location.	Moose 2 drilling rig.

Jamnagar Refinery Upgrade
The Jamnagar refinery.	The refinery has a capacity of over 27 million tons per year and a paraxylene production capability of 1.5 millions tons per year.	The addition of petrochemical plant yields economies of scale at the Jamnagar facility.
The port facilities at Jamnagar supply the refinery.	The Jamnagar Complex is the first manufacturing complex of its kind, having a fully integrated petroleum refinery, petrochemicals complex, captive power plants and a captive port, with related infrastructure.	The Jamnagar Complex rpresents the largest single investment at a single site in India.

Karratha LNG Plant
The Karratha LNG liquefaction terminal’s fifth train is now in production.	The Karratha LNG plant exports nearly 12 million tons of LNG to Japan and Korea.	The Karratha LNG plant was first commissioned in 1984.
The phase V expansion project of the Karratha LNG plant involves modular construction.	The Cossack Pioneer, a floating production and storage platform producing gas for the Karratha LNG facility.

Kupe Gas Development Project, Taranaki
A schematic of the Kupe gas development project.	Showing the onshore and offshore components of the Taranaki project.	The location of the Kupe gas field.
The Kupe gas field's proximity to other possible reserves.	The route of the onshore pipeline.	A Kupe gas development project production platform.

Malaysian Super Refinery and Pipeline Project
The Straits of Malacca form a formidable risk for oil tankers.	Most of the oil tanks will go straight from the Middle East to Kedah port, avoiding the dangerous Malacca Straits.	The Straits of Malacca on the Malaysia's western coast where there is a risk of attack by pirates.
An oil refinery on the coast of Malaysia before the Straits and a pipeline would allow refined products access to the South China Sea coast of Malaysia.	A 320km pipeline is not an easy proposition and might cost a great deal.

Map Ta Phut LNG Regasification Terminal
Map Ta Phut is a deepwater port on the Thai south coast and is becoming one of the most important industrial areas in the country.	The first phase of the LNG project will see two 160,000 m³ LNG tanks for storage.	LNG consists of 90% methane and will be used as a chemical feedstock and to generate electricity in Thailand.
Although Thailand is becoming more industrial it must not ruin its natural resources.	Thailand is anxious to develop its industries as part of the growing Asian economy and LNG is essential for chemical feedstocks and energy.

Melaka PSR-2 Refinery
The Melaka Refinery, Malaysia.	Air-cooled heat exchangers were supplied to the Melaka refinery by Batignolles Technologies Thermiques (BTT).	The PSR-2 refinery will be built adjacent to the Petronas- owned PSR-1 refinery and the two refineries will share some common facilities.

North West Shelf Venture
An artist's impression of the LNG plant and its associated facilities.	The onshore gas processing facilities on the Burrup pennisula.	The gas for the North West Shelf projects comes from massive offshore gas fields.
Map of Australia. The square shows the main area of oil and gas activity.

Panipat Oil Refinery
The Panipat oil refinery is part of Indian Oil Company's extensive network.	Subir Raha, director (HR) and the director-in-charge of business development shaking hands with O Noda, general manager (power projects) of Marubeni after signing of a MoU on an independent power project in Panipat.	IOC invests in plants all over India, often with foreign partners.
IOC started operations as a state-owned company.

PNG LNG Project
The PNG LNG trains will be located at Port Moresby.	The gas will undergo processing at the Hides plant prior to pipeline transfer.	The gas export pipeline will run from the fields in the highlands down to Kopi on the coast and then offshore across to Port Moresby.
There are still gas reserves in PNG both offshore and onshore still awaiting discovery.	Condensate and LPG will also be stored and exported as another commodity.

Pulau Bukom Refinery
Naptha is carried to the plant via a pipeline.	Jurong Island is the centre of a major hydrocarbons cluster.	The port facilities are an important advantage of the Singapore site.
Map showing location of Singapore.	The refinery on Pulau Bukom Island.	A map showing the location of Pulau Bukom Island.

Sakhalin II Crude Oil and Liquified Natural Gas,
Map of Sakhalin Island showing major towns.	Schematic of the Shell DMR liquefaction cycle to be used in the LNG facility.	Sakhalin Molikpaq platform.
Environmental protest against Sakhalin II developments.	Diagram showing how the LNG terminal and oil export facility will work side by side.	Map showing the route of the pipelines from the north to the LNG and oil export facilities in the south.
Schematic of the processes involved in the LNG facility.	Map showing where the production areas are in relation to the onshore facilities and export facilities on Sakhalin Island and the pipeline connecting them.	Map of Sakhalin Island showing where the major oil-related infrastructure is located.

Serono LNG Project,
The location of Luwuk in Sulawesi.	Indonesia desperately needs money invested in gas exploration.	The new Serono LNG plant will produce two million tons of LNG a year.
Indonesia has control over a lot of water to explore for gas.	Indonesia exports 12 million tons of LNG a year to Japan.

Shanghai LNG Project
Shanghai is undergoing a transformation into a major economic centre of the world.	The Shanghai LNG facility will have one jetty for LNG carriers to dock and also the necessary regasification and distribution infrastructure.	The three LNG storage tanks at the new facility will be of the same design as these two at the Guangdong LNG facility.
The design of the LNG tanks will include a concrete skin and a stainless steel one.	China is developing a number of LNG terminals up and down its coast.

Shell Petrochemicals Complex
The Jurong Island petrochemical facilities are some of the largest in the world.	Shell is hoping to capitalise on the increasing demand for petrochemicals in Asia.	Where the new facilities will be situated in relation to the refinery to form an integrated petrochemical complex.
The demand for MEG is increasing across the world but particularly in China.	The OMEGA process used by Shell produces fewer waste products.

Shenhua Coal to Liquids
Coal can be used to produce a huge range of fuels and chemicals.	The coal gasification technology will be used to produce chemical feedstocks.	The first two coal gasifiers were delivered in May 2008.

Singapore Parallel Train Project, Jurong Island
Construction on the Singapore parallel train project will begin properly in 2008.	Jurong Island is a hub of the petrochemical industry in Asia.	Jurong Island is partially man-made from a series of smaller islands.
Polyethylene production is one of the main markets for ethylene.	Ethylene production will be vastly increased for ExxonMobil to 1.8 million tonnes a year.

Sunrise Gas Field,
The Sunrise Gas Project will exploit fields in the Timor Gap. The shore facilities, sponsored by the Methanex Corporation, are dependent on the exploitation of gas fields offshore.	The Sunrise Gas project will use offshore drilling platforms. The gas can be transported by tankers, but most of it is expected to be transported via an undersea pipeline.	The Timor Sea has a huge and complex range of oil fields. Disputes over sovereignty have held exploitation back. In particular the Sunrise gas field has been claimed by East Timor and Indonesia. The Sunrise gas project is now likely to go ahead under an East Timorese aegis.
The Sunrise gas field, close to the Timor trench, is thought to have eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas.	The biggest shareholder in the Sunrise Gas project is the project operator, Woodside Energy. The other three shareholders are: Philips Petroleum, Shell and Osaka Gas.

Supsa Terminal and Pipeline, Georgia
Azeri oil fields were first exploited in the nineteenth century, but were undeveloped by Communism.	Oil production is now expected to boom leading to extensive pipeline and terminal construction.	This is the western pipeline as it goes through Azerbaijan.
The Supsa project is one of many hydrocarbon projects in central Asia, like the Caspian Pipeline (pictured).

Tangguh LNG Project, Bintuni Bay, West Papua
The Tangguh LNG Project liquefaction plant is being built on the southern shore of Bintuni Bay, West Papua, Indonesia.	Gas from the Tangguh gas fields will be processed at a liquefaction plant and shipped from an LNG terminal.	Location of the Tangguh LNG Project in Indonesia.
Papuan engineers are in training at various petroleum facilities to prepare them for their roles on the Tangguh Project.	Map showing the position of the gas fields and the production sharing contracts.

Tengiz
Tengiz oil field is located in the western part of Kazakhstan, in central Asia.	The structure of the plant before the Programme 12 alterations.	The Tengiz Train 5 configuration.
The produced oil will be sent to market through the Caspian Pipeline.

TengizChevrOil (TCO) Sour Gas Injection and Second
Map showing the position of the Tengiz oil field in Kazakhstan.	Map showing the route of the Caspian pipeline through which the Tengiz oil field exports crude oil.	New testing laboratory at Tengiz.
Crude storage tanks at Tengiz.	A section of the Caspian pipeline.	Corrosion resistant Hastelloy G50 alloy pipe which will be used in the construction of sour gas installations.
A drilling rig in the Tengiz oil field.

Thai-Malaysian Pipeline and Gas Separation Plant,
A detailed map of the Thai-Malaysian gas project.	The profile of the seabed on the Thai-Malaysian pipeline's route.	Pipe laying plans for the TTM project.
The TTM pipeline was the subject of public protests.

Wheatstone Project
Ashburton North on the Pilbara coast of Western Australia will be the location for the Wheatstone LNG facility and gas plant.	The LNG process. The Wheatstone facility is expected to have a capacity of up to 25mtpa of LNG.	The Wheatstone Project will be located near the Gorgon development.

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