Europe

Albury Gas Storage
Albury is a small village in Surrey that will play host to one of the largest gas storage facilities in Europe if permission is given.	Connecting pipework will now no longer be laid near the Albury landfill.	Odorants such as butanethiol will be removed prior to storage.
The natural gas will be stored 2,100ft below ground in a depleted gas / oil reservoir.	The reservoir is in a sandstone geology that should provide the stability and impermeability required.

Blake Oil Field Exploitation
The Asian Hercules lifted the new water injection module to the Bleo Holm at the McNulty shipyard in Newcastle.	Chemical injection facilities had to be expanded for production of black crude.	Bleo Holm, nearing completion, begins preparation to sail.
The completed Bleo Holm ready to sail.	Bleo Holm sets sail back to the Ross field with modifications complete for the tie-in of the Blake field.

Blue Stream Pipeline
The route of pipelines in Europe.	Construction of the Blue Stream pipeline was not thought to offer any environmental risk.	Blue Stream pipeline may well be extended to supply southern Europe.
The Blue Stream pipeline forms an important route for Russian gas across the Black Sea.	The laying of the Blue Stream pipeline used much pioneering technology.

British Sugar Biofuel Plant, Wissington, Norfolk
The British Sugar biofuel plant at Wissington, Norfolk.	The Wissington facility is perfectly placed to make use of surplus sugar beet, a locally grown produce.	Bioethanol and biobutanol are the renewable / sustainable fuels of choice.
The sugar beet that will be processed at the plant is produced by suppliers from Norfolk.	Wheat is an alternative feedstock for the Wissington biofuel plant.

Burgas-Alexandropolis (Trans-Balkan Crude) Pipeline
The route of the new trans-Balkan pipeline will traverse Bulgaria and Greece.	Russia is now the leading non-OPEC oil producer.	The Burgas-Alexandropolis pipeline will have some difficult terrain to negotiate during construction.
The Bosphorus is a bottleneck where Russian tankers are currently held up and the trans-Balkan pipeline will relieve this.	The Aegean will now be an area where oil tankers operate on a regular basis and this could have disastrous consequences for the Greek tourist trade if spillage occurs.

Cardiff Biodiesel Refinery
The Cardiff biodiesel refinery site has been leased from Associated British Ports.	The biodiesel refining plant will produce 100,000t of biodiesel a year.	Lurgi are planning the new Cardiff biodiesel facility.
The refinery site in the Port of Cardiff has excellent rail, road and sea links.	By April 2008 diesel sold in the UK will have to have 2.5% of biodiesel in its blend.	Planning has now allowed for a second phase to the Cardiff biodiesel facility and a fully integrated refinery.

Dragon LNG Terminal
The LNG storage tanks at the Dragon LNG facility.	LNG will be supplied right across the UK from the Dragon LNG terminal near Milford Haven in Wales.	The LNG storage tanks have a double skin design for safety.
The Dragon LNG facility is built on the site of the old Chevron refinery.	The area is environmentally sensitive but safety of the Dragon LNG facility has been established.

El Musel LNG
The new LNG plant will become operational in 2010-2011.	There will be storage capacity of 1,200,000 cubic metres in the second phase – enough for 35 days.	LNG tankers of 250,000 cubic metres will be able to dock at the facility.

ESPO Pipeline, Siberia
The ESPO pipeline will cross areas of high seismic activity, where it will be coated with three layers of extruded polyethylene.	The ESPO pipeline is being built in two phases and will traverse Siberia.	The pipeline will have its own power station to provide pumping stations with power even in Arctic conditions.
The ESPO pipeline has been diverted away from Lake Baikal because of environmental concerns.	There may well be branches from ESPO II to serve Russian refineries producing for the domestic market.

Gaz de France LNG Terminal,
A tanker discharging at the LNG terminal.	Tanker being positioned with three containment tanks in the background.	Tanker being unloaded with Ville de Saint-Nazaire in the distance.
One of the latest Moss-type containment tankers Provalys being towed into the LNG facility to unload.	Provalys being unloaded at the Montoir de Bretagne LNG terminal.

Grain LNG Terminal Expansion, Kent
The extent of the Grain LNG site in Kent.	The original four storage tanks at the phase one terminal on the Isle of Grain.	A tanker unloading LNG at the Grain terminal.
The inside of one of the new highly insulated LNG storage tanks at the Grain LNG terminal.	A map showing the location of the Isle of Grain near the Thames Estuary.

Grupa Lotos Refinery Upgrade,
The Gdańsk refinery processes six million tons of crude a year.	The Grupa Lotos refinery is in the midst of a technical upgrade programme.	Grupa Lotos has a network of 500 filling stations across Poland and the Czech Republic.
The refinery will be processing 10.5 million tons of crude oil a year by 2010.	There are three main contractors working on projects at the refinery.

Humber Refinery
The front entrance of the Humber refinery.	The Humber refinery at night after the fire, once repairs had been carried out.	The extent of the Humber refinery site with fractionating column and storage tanks.
On the 16th April, 2001 there was a major explosion at Conoco's Humber refinery.	A view of the Conoco refinery at South Killingholme.	Map showing location of the Conoco refinery.

Italiana Energia Servizi (IES) Mantua Refinery
The Mantua refinery has been on the site since 1946.	The processes at the Mantua refinery are configured towards gasoil and bitumen.	The Mantua refinery is undergoing refurbishment and also the installation of a new gasoil hydrodesulphurisation unit.
The crude oil for the refinery is transported from the coast depot (serviced by tanker) by pipeline to the refinery.	Mantua seems to be a strange site for a refinery as the area used to primarily agricultural. However, the refinery is central to the fuel supplies of the Lombardy region.

Livorno LNG Terminal
The LNG vessel is converted to an offshore storage and regasification facility.	Transfer of LNG between vessels is easy from an engineering point of view, and offshore facilities are environmentally desirable.	Italy has a number of LNG projects under development.
The gas transfer from ship to ship and ship to shore can be controlled as required.	There are quite a number of options for LNG terminals; they are not just a land-based facility.

Milazzo Refinery
The Milazzo plant.	Distillation equipment at the Milazzo refinery.	Hydrocracking equipment at the Milazzo refinery.
The FCC facility at Milazzo.	Hydrocracking tower in the Milazzo refinery.	The Milazzo refinery seen from the sea.
The control room at the Milazzo plant.

Nabucco Gas Pipeline
The route of the Nabucco gas pipeline.	The Nabucco pipeline will begin construction in 2009.	The pipeline route will allow gas to be transported from Iran, Georgia and Turkey.
The Nabucco pipeline will terminate at the Austrian hub of Baumgarten.	The final capacity of the Nabucco pipeline will be 31 billion cubic metres a year.

Neste Oil Porvoo Refinery Diesel Project, Porvoo
The Fortum Oil and Gas Oy Porvoo refinery at Kilpilahti, Finland, is expanding its diesel production facilities.	The expansion is in response to a perceived shortage of diesel for the consumer and commercial markets in north-western Europe.	The refinery will introduce a new Heavy Residue Conversion (HRC) unit (residual oil cracking unit), which produces sulphur-free high-quality diesel fuel.
Fortum's existing diesel fuel production capacity at Porvoo is 4 million tonnes per year (85,000 barrels per day).	The crude oil used in the Porvoo refinery is mainly REB (Russian Export Blend) and oil extracted from the North Sea resources, mainly carried in by tankers.	Map of Finland showing where Porvoo is situated.

Nord Stream Gas Pipeline (NSGP), Russia-Germany
The 1,200km-long Nord Stream Gas Pipeline (NSGP) will transport natural gas from Russia to Germany. Marine gas pipelines will be used for gas supplies to Great Britain, Finland, Sweden and other counties.	An MoU between OAO Gazprom and BASF AG was signed in Hannover, Germany.	Scheduled for completion in 2010, the NSGP is being built at an estimated cost of more than €4bn by a German-Russian joint venture of JSC Gazprom, BASF AG and E.ON AG.
The construction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline is proceeding and should be completed on schedule.

North Adriatic LNG Terminal
Construction of the North Adriatic 'floating island' starts at the Aker Kvaerner yards in Southern Spain.	The dry dock has had to be modified to accommodate the construction.	The concrete structure is enormous and must be constructed to endure coastal waters for at least 30 years.
Construction of the concrete platform for the North Adriatic LNG terminal is well underway.	The LNG terminal platform reaches its full height.	How the North Adriatic LNG platform will look out at sea off the Italian coast.
One of the first offshore LNG platforms will be a great engineering achievement.

Ormen Lange Gas Processing Complex and Langled
The Ormen Lange processing plant will be located at Nyhamna in Aukra municipality in Møre og Romsdal, Norway.	Gas from Ormen Lange will be imported from the production platforms to a processing plant at Nyhamna in Norway.	Artists impression of the Ormen Lange gas complex.
Nyhamna condensate area.	Nyhamna process area.	The unprocessed well stream will first pass to a reception facility (slug catcher) to remove liquid condensate slugs that might damage other areas of the processing facility.
Nyhamna utility area hot oil heaters.

Port Jérôme Refinery and Desulphurisation Plant
ExxonMobil is expanding and upgrading the refinery and desulphurisation plant at Port Jérôme – Gravenchon, France. The $200m front-end engineering and design contract was won by the French subsidiary of Foster Wheeler Ltd.	The adjoining refineries of Port Jérôme and Gravenchon were integrated in 2000 to increase the efficiency of fuel, lube and chemicals refining to produce 230,000bpd of crude and 17,000bpd of lubricant.	SCANfining is used for selective HDS and has a high number of product olefins with few reductions in octanes. It was developed by ExxonMobil and Akzo Nobel Catalysts to reduce hydrogen consumption over a low temperature and a low-pressure fixed-bed reactor.
The SCANfining and OCTgain units at Port Jérôme – Gravenchon began operations in 1999 and by 2004 the new plant will be ready to take over operations.	Mobil service stations now only sell low-sulphur versions of their gasoline and diesel fuels.

Porto Refinery
Map showing the location of Porto.	The Petrogal group is based here.	Repair work at Petrogal's refinery in Sines.

Saltend Bioethanol Plant, Hull
The BP Saltend site in Hull where the new plant will be constructed.	Sugar beet could provide a good feedstock for the Saltend bioethanol plant.	A butanol molecule. Butanol will provide an excellent biofuel.
The biofuels will be marketed through BP's chain of filling stations.	Wheat is the feedstock of choice for the plant at the moment and ABF will provide it from their agricultural partners.

Shannon LNG Terminal
The Shannon project will provide the ROI with a new source of gas.	The Shannon LNG facility will be constructed in County Kerry on a landbank site.	The Shannon LNG project will be able to send out around three million tons per annum.
There could be up to four LNG storage tanks at the Shannon facility.	A new 30km pipeline will be required to connect to the national grid as part of the €500m project.

Shtokman Gas Project
The Shtokman field is a significant new source of gas.	The environment presents hazards.	Two production platforms are being constructed.
The Shtokman Gas Field is about 370 miles north of the Kola Peninsula.	A closer view of the location.	The Arctic conditions will be challenging for gas production.
The new platforms will be finished in 2011.

Snohvit LNG Export Terminal, Melkoya Island,
The Snohvit gas production system will be one of the first in Europe to use a subsea production platform.	The Snohvit LNG project on Melkoya Island is being constructed to exploit the resources of three gas fields in the Barent Sea (Snohvit, Albatross and Askeladd) which have estimated reserves of 300 billion m³ of LNG and 20 million m³ of condensate.	LNG liquefaction process diagram.
LNG compressor component.	Computer rendering of the LNG facility on Melkoya Island.	The heart of the LNG facility, the liquefaction plant, will be borne and operated on a gas liquefaction barge.

Sonhoe Heavy Crude Upgrader, Teeside
The Sonhoe refinery will be built in Teesside on a brownfield site.	The majority of the oil processed will come from the North Sea.	Teesport was one of the deciding factors in siting the upgrader as it is a deepwater port one of only three in the UK.
The site at Wilton is looked over by Mike True MD (right) and Howard Simons, technical director (left).	The three sites being developed for the Sonhoe upgrader programme.

South Stream Pipeline
The proposed route of the South Stream pipeline.	The CEO of Eni (Scaroni) and the CEO of Gazprom (Miller) signed a memorandum of understanding in November 2007 about the project.	The Beregovaya compressor station.
Planning consent for the South Stream pipeline is now required from the EU.	The pipeline has been estimated to cost up to €10bn.

South Wales Gas Pipeline
The Brecon to Tirley section of the South Wales gas pipeline under construction.	Crossing the River Tawe on the route from Milford Haven to Aberdulais.	The 48in pipeline being positioned in the ground.
Welding the sections together: the South Wales gas pipeline has a design life of at least 30 years.	Top soil being replaced as part of the restoration of the countryside above the pipeline.	Construction of the South Wales gas pipeline underway.

Srpski Brod Oil Refinery
The Srpski Brod Oil Refinery.	Visible signs of critical war damage to the Srpski Brod Oil Refinery.	General Sam Gibson, (left) Commander of the SFOR CIMIC Task.
Lt. Peter Nilsen (left) of the CIMIC Civil Engineer Team and Mr. Milenko Micic, Chief of Development and Investment for Srpski Brod refinery, while on a CIMIC site reconnaissance to the Srpski Brod oil Refinery.

Swinoujscie LNG Gas Terminal,
Polskie Gornictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo is putting up 45% of the finance.	Swinoujscie is on the Baltic coast and an ideal port for the LNG terminal.	Poland is anxious to cut down on imports of gas from Russia.
The Swinoujscie LNG terminal will be near a power station and also a chemical plant.	LNG supply contracts are under negotiation and LNG transport ships will be required.

Tarragona Refinery
General view of the Tarragona Refinery.	Tarragona, where the refinery is located, is in Catalonia, on the Mediterranean coast of Spain.	Repsol has an extensive range of distribution outlets for the refinery's products.

Whitegate Oil Refinery
Whitegate oil refinery near Cork, Ireland